Rasionalisasi Hukum Alam oleh Hugo Grotius: Dari Humanisasi Menuju Sekularisasi
Main Article Content
Abstract
Hugo Grotius is a figure who is recognized as a thinker from rational natural law. Grotius thought about law is interesting to review, because of their existence at the turn of the Middle Ages and the tendency to shift or change of thought and knowledge at that time. This article shows that the socio-historical background of Grotius was born and grew up influencing him as a humanist and secular legal figure. At first, the rationalization of law by Grotius was carried out by humanizing natural law, but at the next stage he cundocted secularization by limiting religious domination of state authority. This shift in thinking occurred during the Middle Ages, where reason was no longer intended to explain Divine reason but rather emphasized the ability of logical thinking in humans. In this way, the law-making authority is slowly shifted from God to human ratio. This article also shows that the rationalization of law by Grotius is urgent and relevant at this time, especially in the development of international humanitarian law, international treaty law, intellectual property law, alternative dispute resolution, and arbitration. For Indonesia, the legal idea from Grotius is also relevant in seeking the role of law that supports the development of the economic and tourism sector, which has recently become a priority.
Abstrak
Hugo Grotius merupakan tokoh yang dikenali sebagai pemikir dari kalangan hukum alam yang rasional. Pemikiran Grotius tentang hukum menarik untuk diulas, mengingat keberadaannya pada masa peralihan Abad Pertengahan dan kecenderungan pergeseran atau perubahan pemikiran dan pengetahuan pada masa itu. Artikel ini menunjukkan, latar belakang sosio-historis Grotius lahir dan besar turut memengaruhinya sebagai tokoh yang berhukum secara humanis sekaligus sekular. Apabila pada awalnya rasionalisasi hukum oleh Grotius dilakukan dengan melakukan humanisasi terhadap hukum alam, pada tahap berikutnya ia melakukan sekularisasi dengan mengadakan pembatasan dominasi agama terhadap otoritas kekuasaan negara. Pergeseran pemikiran ini terjadi pada masa peralihan Abad Pertengahan, di mana akal budi tidak lagi dimaksudkan untuk menjelaskan akal budi ilahiah melainkan lebih menekankan pada kemampuan berpikir logis manusia. Dengan begitu, otoritas pembuatan hukum perlahan digeser dari Tuhan kepada rasio manusia. Artikel ini juga menunjukkan, rasionalisasi hukum oleh Grotius urgen dan relevan pada saat ini terutama dalam pengembangan hukum humaniter internasional, hukum perjanjian internasional, hukum kekayaan intelektual, hukum perdamaian, alternatif penyelesaian sengketa, dan juga arbitrase. Bagi Indonesia, ide hukum dari Grotius juga relevan dalam mengupayakan peran hukum yang mendukung pengembangan sektor ekonomi dan pariwisata, yang belakangan ini menjadi prioritas.
Article Details
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