Otonomi Daerah dan Demokrasi: Kritik terhadap Pendapat Mujani dan Liddle tentang Mandat Populis Kepala Daerah

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Titon Slamet Kurnia

Abstract

This article discusses issue concerning local autonomy and democracy. Utilizing systematic interpretation, this article reconstructs the meaning of local autonomy in light of unitary State and presidentialism principles. The specific target is to criticize the opinion of Saiful Mujani and William Liddle, prominent political scientist on Indonesia, which states that local officials should have popular mandates. The opinion is to criticize the role of central government in replacing governors, district heads, and mayors whose terms end in 2022 or 2023 with temporary officials adjusted with the schedule of simultaneous general elections in 2024. According to Mujani and Liddle, this situation is undemocratic. This article opines that Mujani and Liddle’s claim is incorrect. Based on unitary State and presidentialism, this situation is not contrary to the principle of democracy because head of local governments is executive, whereas the president itself is chief executive. Under the dictate of presidentialism principle, head of local governments should not have popular mandates even the Constitution states otherwise. Therefore, local autonomy should not mean that head of local governments should be democratically elected.


Abstrak


Artikel ini hendak mendiskusikan isu tentang otonomi daerah dan demokrasi. Dengan menggunakan teknik interpretasi sistematis, artikel ini merekonstruksi makna otonomi daerah sesuai dengan asas negara kesatuan dan presidensialisme. Target spesifik artikel ini adalah untuk mengkritik pendapat Saiful Mujani dan William Liddle, ilmuwan politik terkemuka tentang Indonesia, yang menyatakan bahwa kepala daerah harus memiliki mandat populis. Pendapat tersebut ditujukan untuk mengkritik peran pemerintah pusat yang mengganti kepala daerah yang berakhir masa jabatannya pada tahun 2022 dan 2023 dengan Penjabat Kepala Daerah dalam rangka penyesuaian jadwal pelaksanaan Pemilu Serentak 2024. Mujani dan Liddle menyatakan bahwa hal ini tidak demokratis. Artikel ini berpendapat bahwa klaim Mujani dan Liddle tidak tepat. Berdasarkan asas negara kesatuan dan presidensialisme, situasi demikian tidak bertentangan dengan demokrasi karena kepala daerah adalah eksekutif, sedangkan presiden sendiri adalah kepala eksekutif. Berdasarkan asas presidensialisme, kepala daerah seharusnya tidak memerlukan mandat demokratis meskipun ketentuan Konstitusi menyatakan sebaliknya. Dengan demikian, otonomi daerah tidak seyogianya bermakna kepala daerah harus dipilih secara demokratis.

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